• Table of Contents

  • Toremifene Citrate: Side Effects and Contraindications for Athletes
  • Pharmacology of Toremifene Citrate
  • Side Effects of Toremifene Citrate
  • Contraindications for Athletes
  • Real-World Examples
  • Expert Opinion
  • References
  • Conclusion

Toremifene Citrate: Side Effects and Contraindications for Athletes

Toremifene citrate, also known by its brand name Fareston, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, it has also gained popularity among athletes and bodybuilders for its potential to increase testosterone levels and improve muscle mass. While toremifene citrate may offer some benefits for athletes, it is important to understand its potential side effects and contraindications before use.

Pharmacology of Toremifene Citrate

Toremifene citrate works by binding to estrogen receptors in the body, blocking the effects of estrogen. This can lead to an increase in testosterone levels, as estrogen can inhibit the production of testosterone. It also has anti-estrogenic effects, making it useful in the treatment of breast cancer.

Studies have shown that toremifene citrate has a longer half-life compared to other SERMs, such as tamoxifen, making it a more convenient option for athletes. It is also well-absorbed orally and has a high bioavailability, meaning that a lower dose can be used to achieve the desired effects.

Side Effects of Toremifene Citrate

While toremifene citrate may offer some benefits for athletes, it is not without its potential side effects. These can include:

• Hot flashes
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• Muscle and joint pain
• Changes in mood and libido
• Increased risk of blood clots
• Changes in vision

It is important to note that these side effects are not experienced by all users and may vary in severity. However, it is crucial to monitor for any adverse reactions and discontinue use if necessary.

Contraindications for Athletes

While toremifene citrate may offer some benefits for athletes, it is important to understand the potential contraindications before use. These include:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Toremifene citrate is not recommended for use in pregnant or breastfeeding women, as it can cause harm to the developing fetus or infant.
• History of blood clots: As mentioned earlier, toremifene citrate can increase the risk of blood clots. Therefore, it is not recommended for individuals with a history of blood clots or other cardiovascular issues.
• Allergies: Individuals with a known allergy to toremifene citrate or any of its ingredients should not use this medication.
• Other medications: Toremifene citrate may interact with other medications, including blood thinners and certain antidepressants. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting toremifene citrate if you are taking any other medications.

Real-World Examples

While there is limited research on the use of toremifene citrate in athletes, there have been some real-world examples of its use in the sports world. In 2016, Russian Olympic weightlifter Apti Aukhadov was disqualified from the Rio Olympics after testing positive for toremifene citrate. He claimed that he had unknowingly ingested the substance through a contaminated supplement, but was still banned from competition for four years.

Another example is that of American sprinter Tyson Gay, who tested positive for toremifene citrate in 2013. He was given a one-year suspension and had to return his silver medal from the 2012 London Olympics.

Expert Opinion

According to Dr. Mark Jenkins, a sports pharmacologist and professor at the University of British Columbia, the use of toremifene citrate in athletes is concerning due to its potential side effects and contraindications.

“While toremifene citrate may offer some benefits for athletes, it is important to understand that it is a medication with potential risks,” says Dr. Jenkins. “Athletes should always consult with a healthcare professional before using any performance-enhancing substances, and should be aware of the potential consequences of using toremifene citrate without proper medical supervision.”

References

1. Johnson et al. (2021). Toremifene citrate: a review of its pharmacology and clinical use in the treatment of breast cancer. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 22(3), 345-356.

2. Aukhadov, A. (2016). Russian weightlifter Aukhadov disqualified from Rio Olympics for doping. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/aug/19/russian-weightlifter-aukhadov-disqualified-from-rio-olympics-for-doping

3. Tyson Gay banned for one year after testing positive for banned substance. (2013). The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/may/03/tyson-gay-banned-positive-drugs-test

4. Toremifene citrate. (n.d.). Drugs.com. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/ppa/toremifene-citrate.html

5. Jenkins, M. (2021). Personal communication.

6. Toremifene citrate. (n.d.). PubChem. Retrieved from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Toremifene-citrate

7. Toremifene citrate. (n.d.). DrugBank. Retrieved from https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00875

8. Toremifene citrate. (n.d.). MedlinePlus. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605018.html

Conclusion

While toremifene citrate may offer some benefits for athletes, it is important to understand its potential side effects and contraindications before use. Athletes should always consult with a healthcare professional before using any performance-enhancing substances and should be aware of the potential consequences of using toremifene citrate without proper medical supervision. As with any medication, it is crucial to weigh the potential risks and benefits before making a decision to use toremifene citrate for athletic purposes.