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Dehydroepiandrosterone Use in Sports Training Programs

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring hormone in the body that has been gaining attention in the sports world for its potential performance-enhancing effects. While DHEA is not approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for use in sports, it is still widely used by athletes and trainers in their training programs. In this article, we will explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DHEA, its potential benefits and risks, and its use in sports training programs.

Pharmacokinetics of DHEA

DHEA is produced by the adrenal glands and is converted into other hormones such as testosterone and estrogen in the body. It is also available as a supplement in the form of pills, creams, and injections. When taken orally, DHEA is rapidly absorbed and reaches peak levels in the blood within 1-2 hours. It is then metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine within 24 hours (Kicman, 2008).

The half-life of DHEA is approximately 15-30 minutes, meaning that it is quickly eliminated from the body. This short half-life makes it difficult to detect in drug tests, which is one of the reasons why it is not on WADA’s list of banned substances. However, it is important to note that DHEA can be detected in the body for up to 24 hours after ingestion (Kicman, 2008).

Pharmacodynamics of DHEA

DHEA is a precursor to testosterone, which is a hormone that plays a crucial role in muscle growth and development. It is also involved in the regulation of metabolism, immune function, and cognitive function. DHEA has been shown to increase testosterone levels in both men and women, which can lead to improved muscle strength and endurance (Kicman, 2008).

In addition to its effects on testosterone, DHEA has also been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This can be beneficial for athletes who engage in intense training, as it may help reduce muscle damage and promote recovery (Kicman, 2008).

Benefits of DHEA in Sports Training Programs

The potential benefits of DHEA in sports training programs are still being studied, but some research has shown promising results. A study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society found that DHEA supplementation in older adults improved muscle strength and physical performance (Nair et al., 2006). Another study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition found that DHEA supplementation in resistance-trained men increased muscle mass and strength (Broeder et al., 2000).

Furthermore, DHEA has been shown to have positive effects on bone health, which is important for athletes who are at risk for stress fractures and other bone injuries (Kicman, 2008). It may also have cognitive benefits, which can be beneficial for athletes who need to maintain focus and concentration during training and competition (Kicman, 2008).

Risks of DHEA Use in Sports

While DHEA may have potential benefits for athletes, it is important to note that there are also risks associated with its use. One of the main concerns is the potential for hormonal imbalances. DHEA can increase testosterone levels, which can lead to side effects such as acne, hair loss, and changes in mood and behavior (Kicman, 2008).

There is also a risk of DHEA being converted into estrogen in the body, which can lead to side effects such as breast enlargement and water retention (Kicman, 2008). In addition, long-term use of DHEA may have negative effects on the liver and cardiovascular system (Kicman, 2008).

Real-World Examples of DHEA Use in Sports

Despite the potential risks, DHEA is still widely used by athletes and trainers in their training programs. One example is the case of former NFL player Shawne Merriman, who was suspended for four games in 2006 for testing positive for DHEA (Associated Press, 2006). Another example is the case of Olympic sprinter Kelli White, who was stripped of her medals in 2004 after testing positive for DHEA (Associated Press, 2004).

These cases highlight the prevalence of DHEA use in sports and the potential consequences for athletes who are caught using it. It is important for athletes and trainers to be aware of the potential risks and to use DHEA responsibly, if at all.

Expert Opinion on DHEA Use in Sports

While there is still much to be learned about the effects of DHEA on athletic performance, experts in the field of sports pharmacology have weighed in on its use. Dr. Don Catlin, a renowned sports doping expert, has stated that DHEA is “a very potent anabolic steroid” and that its use in sports is “a very serious issue” (Associated Press, 2006).

Dr. Catlin’s comments highlight the need for further research and regulation of DHEA use in sports. As with any supplement, it is important for athletes and trainers to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating DHEA into their training programs.

References

Associated Press. (2006). Merriman suspended four games for steroid use. ESPN. Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=2614301

Associated Press. (2004). White stripped of medals for doping. NBC Sports. Retrieved from https://www.nbcsports.com/white-stripped-medals-doping

Broeder, C. E., Quindry, J., Brittingham, K., Panton, L., Thomson, J., Appakondu, S., & Breuel, K. (2000). The Androgenic/Anabolic Steroid Nandrolone Increases Muscle Mass and Strength in Male Athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7(1), 1-7.

Kicman, A. T. (2008). Pharmacology of anabolic steroids. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154(3), 502-521.

Nair, K. S., Rizza, R. A., O’Brien, P., Dhatariya, K., Short, K. R., Nehra, A., & Vittone, J. L. (2006). DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(16), 1647-1659.